Fig. 1

Flow chart elucidating the inclusion and exclusion criteria of NSCLC patients

The flow chart illustrates that a total of 181 non-small cell lung cancer patients who had surgical treatment as first-line therapy for their cancer at KHCC in 2009–2021 were initially reviewed. Only 100 patients were included in the study after excluding those with presurgical treatment, inadequate clinical and follow-up data, or inadequate tissue samples for evaluation. NSCLC: non-small cell lung cancer. KHCC: King Hussein Cancer Center